Temporal and spatial distribution of tropospheric CO<Subscript>2</Subscript> over China based on satellite observations

Mid-troposphere CO₂ data retrieved by the AIRS (atmospheric infrared sounder) were validated with five ground-based stations and aircraft measurements in the Northern Hemisphere. AIRS CO₂ products show good agreement with ground and aircraft observations. The data had a monthly average accuracy better than 3 ppmv. In this study, the spatial and temporal distribution of mid-troposphere CO₂ from January 2003 to December 2008 was analyzed based on this satellite product. The average concentration of atmospheric CO₂ was higher in the Northern Hemisphere than in the Southern Hemisphere. The yearly average results show a gradual increase from 2003 to 2008. In China, the annual growth rate was about 2 ppmv/a, similar to the United States, Europe, Australia and India, but was slightly lower than Canada and Russia. Mid-troposphere CO₂ concentrations were higher over northern China than over southern areas, due to differences in natural conditions and industrial layout. There were four centers of high CO₂ concentration between 35° and 45°N over China, with low concentrations over Yunnan Province. There was a significant seasonal CO₂ variation with peak concentration in spring and the lowest concentration in autumn.     

GPS卫星钟差分析、建模及仿真

卫星钟差是卫星导航系统中的一项重要误差源,本文根据IGS观测数据分析GPS卫星铷钟和铯钟的噪声特性,并对星钟误差进行建模和仿真.首先采用修正Allan方差表征和分析了GPS卫星上不同种类原子钟随机噪声的时域特性;然后基于最小二乘分段拟合确定了卫星钟差确定性分量的时差、频差、线性频漂参数值;对于多项式拟合后的残差部分,利用随机噪声幂律谱模型建立了随机性分量误差模型;最后利用修正Allan方差反演的方法模拟产生了各噪声分量的独立随机序列并进行合成;对合成序列与原始数据进行了对比分析以验证本文所提出建模与仿真方法的正确性.     

城区环境下鲁棒定位算法

在城区环境下,不依赖于辅助的手段,获得定位结果面临两大困难.由于信号非常微弱,接收机不能获得伪距等观测量导致无法得到定位解.接收机即使通过弱信号处理等增强措施,获得伪距等观测量,但是由于观测量误差较大,依然不能获得满足要求的定位结果.本文主要针对以上两个问题,提出了各自的解决方案：常规接收机需要完整跟踪4颗或者以上的卫星才能获得定位结果.在城区环境下很难有4颗以上的卫星同时满足要求,因而无法实现定位.本文提出了一种新的方法来解决该问题.只要接收机进入到跟踪模式,即获得1ms以内的观测量即可实现定位.通过延长相干积分的方式,即使信号功率电平在解调门限以下,只要接收机能够跟踪信号,就可以获得定位结果.针对城区环境下多径现象引入的测距误差,导致定位结果偏差较大,本文利用故障诊断的原理,对获得的伪距观测量进行非线性加权处理来改善定位精度.为了验证该算法,采用实际采集的数据来进行验证.     

基于无迹卡尔曼滤波的导航星座并行式自主定轨

针对卫星轨道动力学模型的高度非线性及星座自主定轨的高精度需求,基于星间双向测距观测信息,提出了采用无迹卡尔曼滤波（Unscented Kalman Filter, UKF）作为星载算法的导航星座并行式自主定轨方案,并且给出了UKF算法中可见星先验信息引入的额外方差矩阵,以保证滤波的稳定性.仿真结果表明,该方案可以实现星座的长期自主定轨并维持一定精度.
     

北斗一号卫星信号高灵敏度捕获方法

研究在复杂环境下弱北斗一号卫星信号的捕获方法.利用北斗一号卫星在同一频率上发射两个波束和帧头与卷尾组成已知连续信息序列的特点,可以对两个波束做长时间相干联合捕获.从增加捕获信号功率和减小非相干累加损失两个方面提高捕获灵敏度.仿真和实测结果表明,联合捕获方法可以捕获低于—133 dBm的信号,性能优于单波束串行搜索捕获方法.     

抗转发干扰FFT快速捕获方法研究

为了解决有效抑制转发式干扰问题,根据转发干扰信号的码相位滞后于卫星导航信号的特点,结合快速傅里叶变换(FFT)快速捕获的二维搜索策略,提出基于延迟-等待捕获策略的抗转发干扰FFT快速捕获方法.该方法根据过门限峰值的码相位信息来区分判别卫星导航信号和转发干扰信号,在不影响接收机在无转发干扰正常工作的条件下,保证了接收机在转发干扰下的捕获性能.理论分析和仿真实验验证了该方法的有效性.     

Pre-processing for time domain image formation in SS-BSAR system

A pre-processing procedure is designed for a space-surface bistatic synthetic aperture radar (SS-BSAR) system when a time domain image formation algorithm is employed. Three crucial technical issues relating to the procedure are fully discussed. Firstly, unlike image formation algorithms operating in the frequency domain, a time domain algorithm requires the accurate global navigation satellite system (GNSS) time and position. This paper proposes acquisition of this information using a time-and-spatial transfer with precise ephemeris and interpolation. Secondly, synchronization errors and compensation methods in SS-BSAR are analyzed. Finally, taking the non-ideal factors in the echo and the compatibility of image formation algorithms into account, a matched filter based on the minimum delay is constructed. Experimental result using real data suggest the pre-processing is functioning properly.     

从渭北五陵的卫星城作用看秦汉新城建设

目的为有效总结历史城市建设经验,推动西安迈向现代化国际化大都市。方法历史文献分析与野外考察相结合。结果西汉渭北五陵的卫星城作用发挥的基础是复通、阁道、渭河三桥。结论西汉时期的渭北五陵是拱卫长安的卫星城,主要功能是护卫京师和安定社会,但其在防御外族入侵、振兴传统农业经济和地区商业贸易、传播区域文化方面的作用也不容忽视。现代秦汉新城的建设规划在借鉴西汉五陵原的基础上,应该践行"整合优势、文化强区"的理念,一方面努力将秦汉新城打造成国家级示范区,另一方面亟待完善城际交通设施,并充分发挥其文化特色的优势。     

Tsinghua-1 Micro-Satellite Power System Architecture and Design

IntroductionThe Space Center of Tsinghua University( Beijing,China) ,together with Surrey Satellite TechnologyLtd.( SSTL,Guildford,United Kingdom) ,designed and produced the Tsinghua- 1 Micro-satellite.SSTL has pioneered cost- effectivesatellite engineering techniques for highlysophisticated,yet inexpensive micro- satellites[1]for earth observation,data delivery[2 ] and scientificexperiments[3,4 ] .The Tsinghua- 1 Micro- satellite has a mass ofapproximately5 0 kg.Its envelope is330 m…